This program is part of Netpbm.
pbmmask reads a PBM image as input and Generates a corresponding mask of the foreground areas as another PBM image.
The color to be interpreted as "background" is determined automatically. Regardless of which color is background, the mask will be white where the background is and black where the figure is.
This lets you do a masked paste like this, for objects with a black background:
pbmmask obj > objmask
pnmpaste < dest -and objmask <x> <y> | pnmpaste -or obj <x> <y>
For objects with a white background, you can either invert them or
add a step:
pbmmask obj > objmask
pnminvert objmask | pnmpaste -and obj 0 0 > blackback
pnmpaste < dest -and objmask <x> <y> | pnmpaste -or blackback <x> <y>
Note that this three-step version works for objects with black backgrounds
too, if you don't care about the wasted time.
You can also use masks with graymaps and pixmaps, using the pnmarith tool. For instance:
ppmtopgm obj.ppm | pamditherbw -threshold | pbmmask > objmask.pbm
pnmarith -multiply dest.ppm objmask.pbm > t1.ppm
pnminvert objmask.pbm | pnmarith -multiply obj.ppm - > t2.ppm
pnmarith -add t1.ppm t2.ppm
An interesting variation on this is to pipe the mask through
pnmsmooth before using it. This makes the boundary between the
two images less sharp.